@InCollection{Nobre:1993:ClImAm,
               author = "Nobre, Carlos Afonso",
                title = "Climatic impacts of Amazonia deforestation",
            booktitle = "Man and his environment tropical forest and the conservation of 
                         species",
            publisher = "Pontifical Academy of Vaticano",
                 year = "1993",
               editor = "Marini-Bett{\`o}lo, G. B.",
                pages = "199--218",
              address = "Vaticano",
             keywords = "Amazonia.",
             abstract = "Large-scale conversion of tropical forests into pastures or annual 
                         crops will likely lead to changes in the local microclimate of 
                         those regions. Larger diumal fluctuations of surface tempera- ture 
                         and humidity deficit, increased surface runoff during rainy 
                         periods and decreased runoffduring the dry season, and decrea- sed 
                         soil moisture are to be expected. lt is likely that 
                         evapotranspiration will be reduced because of less available 
                         radiative energy at the canopy leveI since grass presents a higher 
                         albedo than forests, and also due to reduced availability of soil 
                         moisture at the rooting zone primarily during the dry season. 
                         Coupled numerical models of the global atmosphere and biosphere 
                         have been used recently to assess the effects of Amazonia 
                         deforestation on .the regional and global climate. The results of 
                         these General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations show that, if 
                         the tropical forests were replaced by degraded grass (pasture) in 
                         the model, there was a significant increase in surface temperature 
                         and a decrease in evapotranspiration, precipitation and runoff. 
                         There was also an increase in the length of the dry season which 
                         can have serious implications for the reestablishment of the 
                         tropical forests in the cleared areas.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "11370.pdf",
               volume = "1",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}